Data Analysis and Systematic Scoping Review on the Pathogenesis and Modalities of Treatment of Thyroid Storm Complicated with Myocardial Involvement and Shock

Thyroid storm (TS) is a rare and fatal endocrine emergency that occurs due to undiagnosed inadequately treated hyperthyroidism after stressful conditions in patients with thyroid disorders. The objective of this systematic scoping review was better understand the pathophysiology TS its complications, terms myocardial affection, tachyarrhythmia, cardiogenic shock. In addition, we explored pharmacological, mechanical, surgical treatments for TS. We also evaluated outcomes according sex cardiac involvement. Additionally, analytical analysis performed on selected data. A literature peer-reviewed journals carried out thoroughly using medical terms, MeSH PubMed, Google Scholar, combinations such as thyrotoxicosis-induced cardiomyopathy, storm, shock, infarction, emergency, Burch–Wartofsky score, extracorporeal circulatory support, thyroidectomy. total 231 papers were eligible (2 retrospective studies, 5 case series, 224 reports) 256 involvement between April 2003 August 2023. All age groups, sexes, TS-induced non-atherosclerotic heart failure, different forms treatment discussed. Non-English language articles, cases without involvement, which modalities not specified excluded. Female predominant, 154 female 102 male patients. Approximately 82% received beta-blockers (BBs), 16.3% placed membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), 13.8% underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHD), or dialysis. Overall, 18 females 16 males died. BB-induced collapse, acute CRRT, ventricular fibrillation significantly associated mortality. Awareness only thyrotoxicosis vital timely appropriate treatment. early diagnosis management settings, including modalities, can save high-risk Sex matters presentation, treatment, mortality population. However, further large-scale, well-designed studies are required.